The Evolution of Dussehra

From ancient royal traditions to modern global celebrations, discover how Dussehra festivities have transformed through the centuries.

Ancient Roots & Royal Patronage

The origins of Dussehra are deeply rooted in Hindu scriptures, primarily the Ramayana and the Devi Mahatmya. In ancient times, it was largely a festival of royal and martial significance. Kings would worship their weapons and seek blessings before embarking on military campaigns after the monsoon season. Celebrations like the Mysore Dasara, patronized by the Vijayanagara kings and later the Wodeyars, established a tradition of grand processions and royal durbars that continue to this day. In other regions, it was tied to agricultural cycles, marking the harvest and worship of the divine feminine.

The Colonial Period & Cultural Assertion

During the British Raj, the nature of public festivals began to change. While royal patronage declined in some areas, Dussehra evolved into a powerful community event. Public performances of Ramlila became more widespread, serving as a way to unite communities and reinforce cultural identity in the face of colonial rule. The concept of 'sarvajanik' (community-organized) festivals gained momentum, shifting the ownership of the celebration from royal courts to the common people and becoming a subtle platform for nationalist expression.

Post-Independence & National Identity

After 1947, Dussehra was embraced as a symbol of India's rich, syncretic culture. The state began to actively support and promote regional celebrations to foster a sense of national unity and pride. The Mysore Dasara was declared a state festival ('Nada Habba'). The broadcast of Ramlila performances on the national television network, Doordarshan, brought these narratives into homes across the country, creating a shared cultural experience and solidifying Dussehra's place as a major pan-Indian festival.

Modernization & Globalization

In recent decades, Dussehra has been shaped by modernization and globalization. Technology has introduced spectacular light and sound shows to Ramlilas and effigy burnings. The festival has also become highly commercialized, with large-scale corporate sponsorships and a booming festive economy. Simultaneously, there is a growing awareness of its environmental impact, leading to a movement towards eco-friendly effigies and sustainable practices. For the global Indian diaspora, Dussehra has become a vital way to connect with their heritage and pass on traditions to the next generation, often creating hybrid celebrations that blend Indian customs with local influences.