Region Tradition Variation
North India
North India is known for its grand and elaborate Ramleela performances. The tradition involves a dramatic re-enactment of Lord Rama's life, including his exile, the abduction of his wife Sita, and his victory over the demon king Ravana. The performances are usually held in open-air theaters or temporary stages, and they culminate in the burning of effigies of Ravana on Dussehra.
In some parts of North India, the Ramleela is performed over a period of 10 days, while in others, it can last up to a month. The performances are often accompanied by folk music and dance.
South India
In South India, the Ramleela tradition is often incorporated into the Koothu and Yakshagana theater forms. The performances are usually held in temples and they involve elaborate costumes, makeup, and music.
The South Indian version of Ramleela often includes elements of local folklore and mythology, and it is performed in the local languages.
West India
In West India, particularly in Gujarat, the Ramleela tradition is often combined with the Navaratri festival. The performances involve dance-dramas, puppet shows, and storytelling sessions.
The West Indian version of Ramleela often includes elements of Bhavai, a traditional form of folk theater in Gujarat.
East India
In East India, particularly in Bengal, the Ramleela tradition is often combined with the Durga Puja festival. The performances involve dance-dramas, puppet shows, and storytelling sessions.
The East Indian version of Ramleela often includes elements of Jatra, a traditional form of folk theater in Bengal.
Oldest and Famous Ramleela
The Ramnagar Ramlila, held in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, is considered the oldest and most famous Ramleela in India. It has been performed annually for nearly 200 years and is a major cultural event, attracting audiences from all over the country. The Ramnagar Ramlila is unique in that it is performed over a period of 31 days, and the entire town of Ramnagar is transformed into a giant stage. The Ramnagar Ramlila was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2005.